Monthly Archives: December 2024

History

Remembering Thomas Becket, Saint and Martyr (29 Dec 1170)

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Earliest known portrayal of Thomas Becket’s murder in Canterbury Cathedral.
circa 1200
PD-US-expired, PD-UK and other countries where authors life and set years have expired.
Source: British Library via Wikimedia Commons

On December 29 1170, Thomas Becket, the archbishop of Canterbury, was murdered in front of the altar by four knights in Canterbury Cathedral.

Becket had been a successful chancellor for King Henry II and had helped him consolidate his power even if went against the church. Well liked and respected, Becket served the king well earning his complete trust. When the Archbishop of Canterbury died, King Henry decided to put Becket in that spot so he could have more control of the church. Appointing him in 1162, he expected Becket to faithfully continue what Henry wanted. Except that is not what happened at all,

Becket though underwent a transformation and switched his allegiance to the church. He adopted an ascetic lifestyle and lived humbly despite being in the most powerful bishopric in England. King Henry and Becket starting clashing over many issues. Finally when the king demanded Becket sign the Constitutions of Clarendon in 1164 to extend his control over the church, Becket refused and left England and went to France. He returned in 1170 after a reconciliation had been worked out. Two bishops who had sided with Henry had been excommunicated refused to rejoin unless they supported the church over Henry. The bishops complained to Henry, who was in France at the time, who uttered words that suggested he wanted him dead. Four knights took this as an order and sailed to England.

There they murdered Becket on the altar stairs just as evening mass was starting. This shocking event caused outrage and horror. King Henry went on a 40 day fast. Pope Alexander III proclaimed him a saint two years later. King Henry II walked barefoot to his tomb as penance and was forgiven by the church. His tomb became a popular spot for pilgrims to visit until King Henry VIII destroyed it. When he was reburied in the new tomb that was subsequently destroyed, many of his bones were sent to other churches as relics. They were returned in 2016 to the cathedral in which he died in.

His feast day of December 29 is celebrated on both Anglican and Catholic calendars. He is the saint of secular clergy.

What Happened to the Four Knights who killed Becket?

The four knights-Reginald FitzUrse, Hugh de Morville, William de Tracy, and Richard le Breton- heard King Henry II utter words they interpreted as meaning he wanted Becket dead. After killing Becket. The assassins fled north to de Morville’s castle and stayed there about a year. He owned property in Cumbria and this have been used as well. They may have been preparing to go into Scotland as well. King Henry II did not confiscate their lands and let the church deal with them. Pope Alexander excommunicated all four which for all intents and purposes meant they were unwelcome anywhere in Christian Europe.

The knights appealed to King Henry for help; he declined. Deciding to seek penance for their actions, the four knights went to Rome and met with Pope Alexander. He accepted their contrition and as penance ordered them to serve 14 years as knights in the Holy Lands. This inspired the creation of the Knights of St. Thomas, a purely all English order of knights that would serve in the Holy Land. After internal disputes much later (and the loss of the Holy Lands), the order focused on charitable work and ran a school. It was dissolved in 1538 by King Henry VIII as part of his order dissolving all religious orders in England.

 

Sources:

Knowles, Michael David. “Saint Thomas Becket | Biography, Facts, Death, Patron Saint of, and Significance.” Encyclopedia Britannica, 25 Dec. 2023, www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Thomas-Becket.

“St. Thomas Becket – Saints and Angels – Catholic Online.” Catholic Online, www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=12.

“Archbishop Thomas Becket Is Murdered.” HISTORY, 9 Feb. 2010, www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-making-of-an-english-martyr.

 

Titanic

Holy Innocents and Titanic News

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Massacre of the Innocents
Matteo di Giovanni (1435–1495)
Public Domain

Today is the feast of the Holy Innocents (28 December) which commemorates the children killed in Bethlehem by Herod. According to the Gospel of Matthew, the magi had promised to return to Herod to inform him about the messiah. However, they were warned not to return in a dream. Herod ordered the killing of all male infants ages 2 and under. Joseph was told in a dream to take Mary and the baby Jesus to Egypt to wait until Herod was dead. This particular story is only recounted in Matthew and not in Luke leading many to doubt it occurred. However, considering how Herod ruthlessly killed those that opposed him, it would not be out of character either. Executions were common back then, so it probably was of little note in a sea of tribulation. The Feast of the Holy Innocents was observed as far back as 485 AD and most Christian denominations observe it. Although it is a somber observance, many Spanish speaking countries celebrate Día de los Inocentes (Day of the Innocents) but in a more light-hearted manner. It is similar to April Fools’ Day where harmless pranks and jokes are done. Forgiveness is offered by the victims to the prankers (in Spanish innocent often means naïve, though that can vary in different countries).

Now for some Titanic news. A few days before the Christmas holiday, it was announced that Spanish government owned Navantia has concluded a deal to acquire Harland & Wolff. While the exact terms were not disclosed yet, they include the four shipyards (Belfast, Arnish and Methil in Scotland, and Appledore in southwest England) and will save 1,000 jobs. The U.K. Royal Navy contract will continue but some terms have been renegotiated. Also the U.K. is providing financial support was well but the exact amount is undisclosed.

Black, Harry. “Titanic Shipbuilder to Be Bailed Out With Extra Taxpayers’ Money.” The Times, December 19, 2024. https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/companies/article/titanic-shipbuilder-to-be-bailed-out-with-extra-taxpayers-money-xnq9k2dnh.

The recent auction of the Rostron watch by Henry Aldridge & Son broke a record with the highest amount paid at £1.56m ($1.96m). The 18-carat gold watch was presented to Captain Rostron by some of the survivors who were rescued by him in April 1912. The November auction left many wondering who the buyer was since it was done anonymously. However, it has now been disclosed that the purchaser was none other than Tiffany & Co, the luxury jeweler who originally made the watch back in 1912. “Captain Rostron’s pocket watch is an incredible expression of thanks and gratitude, and we are humbled to welcome this extraordinary treasure home to Tiffany & Co,” said Christopher Young who is the retailer’s vice president of creative visual merchandising, events, and the Tiffany Archives. The watch will go on display at LVMH Watch Week in Miami on 28 Jan-1 Feb. The watch will also go on display at special events and at Tiffany locations as well.

National Jeweler. “Historic Titanic Pocket Watch Winds Its Way Back to Tiffany & Co.” Nationaljeweler.Com. https://nationaljeweler.com/articles/13503-historic-titanic-pocket-watch-winds-its-way-back-to-tiffany-co

Exhibition Returns to Dallas

After many years away, Titanic: The Exhibition returns to Dallas on 14 February 2025 at Pepper Square. According to Tom Zaller, president and CEO of Imagine which holds this exhibition,: “Titanic has been a part of my life since the late 90’s when I had the incredible opportunity to dive to the wreck site, and since that firsthand experience, I’ve presented hundreds of exhibitions about the ship, her people and her stories.”

Murray, Lance. “Titanic Exhibition Returns to Dallas With Artifacts, Ship Re-Creations, and More.” Dallas Innovates. Last modified December 19, 2024. https://dallasinnovates.com/titanic-exhibition-returns-to-dallas-with-artifacts-ship-re-creations-and-more/.

To salvage or not to salvage is still a question to be determined by RMS Titanic, Inc. Their most recent journey to the wreck didn’t include removing anything from the wreck, but they are reserving the right to do so down the road say various news reports. However, while they don’t plan to salvage the wreck in 2025, they are not closing off not doing it later. This puts them into potential conflict with the U.S. government which had argued salvage was not permitted by treaty and U.S. law. While that issue was not litigated, it will surely come back if and when the company decides to retrieve artifacts from inside the wreck.

For the moment, the company has no plans to salvage from the wreck. There are those who are planning to restart tourist dives to Titanic, but nothing has been announced yet regarding those ventures for 2025.

BEN FINLEY Associated Press and ABC News. “The Last Titanic Salvage Expedition Was in 2010. Will There Be Any More?” ABC News. Last modified December 12, 2024. https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/titanic-salvage-expedition-2010-116746197

Christmas, Religion

Today is Saint Stephen’s Day (Boxing Day U.K.)

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Saint Stephen by Carlo Crivelli (1476)
Source: National Gallery, London via Wikimedia Commons.
Public Domain in UK and US; may be restricted in other countries.

If you remember the Christmas carol Good King Wenceslas , you heard the name. Stephen was a deacon in the early Christian church who was accused of blasphemy and put on trial by Jewish authorities in Jerusalem. After a trial in which he denounced them, Stephen was stoned to death. One of the witnesses to the event was Saul of Tarsus, who later converted and is known today as the apostle Saint Paul. Stephen is considered the first martyr for the faith, the reason his feast day immediately follows the celebration of Jesus birth. All the major Christian congregations–Anglican, Catholic, Lutheran, Oriental Orthodox, and Eastern Orthodox–all venerate him as a Saint and celebrate the feast day (Western churches on 26 December, 27 Dec Orthodox, and 8 Jan Oriental Orthodox). In some countries (mainly Western Europe) it is a public holiday.

In the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand it is celebrated as Boxing Day, a secular holiday that falls on the same day as Feast of Stephen. Traditionally it is the day in which servants and tradespeople receive the “Christmas box” from their employers. While that tradition may still hold true, it is either a second Christmas day for some or an extra shopping day (though in some countries it apparently is a day when a lot of returns to retailers takes place). It is also a major sports day as well.

If you are in Italy, it is treated like a second Christmas Day but with a difference.  Christmas Day is home with family and streets are mostly empty (and nearly everything is closed except for some restaurants and  parafarmacies (pharmacies). December 26th is il giorno di Santo Stefano and a major day for Italians. They go out to eat at restaurants with family and friends. The streets are teeming with people often to see the Presepe (Nativity scene) in their local church or perhaps to see many of them in different churches. Donations to the church usually are made as well. Processions to Santo Stefano take place in many cities and towns. And there are many local traditions as well. Also many seek out the living Nativity scenes as well..

Further Information

“CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Stephen,” http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14286b.htm.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, “St. Stephen | Patron Saint of, Death, Martyr, & Facts,” Encyclopedia Britannica, last modified December 10, 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Stephen.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Boxing Day | Definition, Meaning, Traditions, Activities, & Facts,” Encyclopedia Britannica, last modified December 25, 2024, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Boxing-Day.

 

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History

Washington Crosses Delaware in Surprise Attack (Dec 25-26, 1776)

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Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze (1816–1868)
Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York)
Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons

By the winter of 1776, things looked bleak for the patriots fighting the British. They had suffered a string of defeats (New York and other places) that sapped the morale of many patriots. General George Washington’s leadership was being questioned by some leaders, and there was a general feeling that British were going to win unless things changed. The British by this time were of the opinion they were succeeding, though they found the Americans could put up a good fight. With winter upon them, the war paused as normally European armies did not fight during this time. Hessian troops, paid mercenaries hired by the British, were skilled professional soldiers raised nearly from birth to fight. A Hessian force was quartering in Trenton, New Jersey for the winter. General Washington decided to go on the offensive to win a battle and raise the morale of the troops who were suffering through the cold winter.

On the night of December 25, 1776, his army began moving across the Delaware River. The group led by Washington, 2,400 strong, made it to the other side but the other two divisions that made of 3,000 men did not get across at the right time. The Hessians had spent Christmas Day relaxing, eating, and drinking and did not believe the Americans were a threat. They had in fact dismissed warnings the Americans might attack. So, they were unprepared for what happened on December 26.  At 8 am, Washington attacked with two columns. By 9:30 am, the German defenses had crumbled, and the town was surrounded. While many Hessians did escape, they did capture several hundred and only lost four lives in the process. Unfortunately, since most of his troops had failed to cross, Washington was without any additional men or artillery to hold Trenton. He was forced to withdraw.

It was a minor battle that had no real strategic impact. The news of the successful attack though raised American colonialists’ spirits.  The initiative shown by Washington showed the Continental Army was capable of victory.

Sources:

Missy Sullivan, “George Washington Crosses the Delaware,” HISTORY, December 21, 2023, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/washington-crosses-the-delaware.

George Washington’s Mount Vernon, “Crossing of the Delaware,” George Washington’s Mount Vernon, https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/crossing-of-the-delaware.

“National Museum of the United States Army,” https://www.thenmusa.org/articles/crossing-the-delaware/.

 

Christmas

Merry Christmas!

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Titanic News Channel wishes everyone a blessed and joyous Christmas Day. Merry Christmas!

 

The Adoration of the Shepherds (Gerard van Honthorst 1590–1656)
Image: Public Domain (Wikipedia)

….And it was always said of him, that he knew how to keep Christmas well, if any man alive possessed the knowledge. May that be truly said of us, and all of us! And so, as Tiny Tim observed, God Bless Us, Every One!” (Dickens, A Christmas Carol)

 

Christmas, Religion

Happy Advent (Fourth Sunday of Advent)

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Photo:Public Domain

O come, O come, Emmanuel,
And ransom captive Israel,
That mourns in lonely exile here
Until the Son of God appears.
Rejoice! Rejoice!
Emmanuel shall come to thee, O Israel.

Today Christians celebrate the fourth and final Sunday in Advent. The liturgy will often include Old Testament readings from Micah (5:1-4) or Isaiah (7:10) that contain the prophecies about how God will send Jesus to come among the people and stop the enemies that are plaguing his people. A second reading, such as from Hebrews (10:5-10), will be used to show how Jesus came to fulfill God’s will and defeating the enemy that separates us from him. Finally, the Gospel, often from Luke about Mary visiting Elizabeth, will be read to show a parallel to the Ark of the Covenant. As the Ark contained the Ten Commandments-the word of God-Mary contains the son of God in her body. Elizabeth exclaims she is full of grace for the child she bears-the future John the Baptist-jumped with joy inside her when she greeted Mary.

The final days of Advent are thus to prepare for the great celebration of Christmas. Christians are asked to not only reflect on this great day of joy to come, but to also find Jesus in a very real way during this time. Perhaps it will come from service to others, donating food for families in need, or spending time with those who have no one close to be with during this time of year.

Journey to Bethlehem
Altus Fine Arts via Pinterest

Suggested Reading

Santa, Thomas M. The Essential Advent and Christmas Handbook: A Daily Companion, 2000.

For More Information

Infoplease, “Advent: Dates, Traditions, and History,” InfoPlease, last modified November 18, 2021, http://www.infoplease.com/spot/advent1.html.

Justin Holcomb, “What Is Advent? The Season’s History, Meaning and Traditions,” Christianity.Com, last modified November 18, 2024, https://www.christianity.com/wiki/holidays/what-is-advent.html.

“What Is Advent?” USCCB. https://www.usccb.org/prayer-worship/liturgical-year/advent

Holidays, Miscellaneous

Today is the Winter Solstice (21 Dec 2024)

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The Winter Solstice occurs usually between December 20-23 with the sun directly overhead the Tropic of Capricorn. This results in the North Pile being tilted the furthest away making it the shortest day of the year followed by the longest night. The further north you live during winter means less daylight during the winter. Some areas in Alaska or Scandinavia can be nearly dark or near dark during this period. By contrast, those in the Southern Hemisphere celebrate the Summer Solstice, as it marks the beginning of summer. Which is why while people shiver in Philadelphia and New York for Christmas but down in Australia, Christmas is celebrated outdoors with a barbeque.

Solstices and Equinoxes
Image: NASA

 

Many cultures observed the Winter Solstice as it marked an important time in the agricultural cycle. By this time all crops and livestock had been prepared for winter. Important foodstuffs were stored for the months when virtually nothing grew. Wine and beer, which had been fermenting during the year, was ready. Cattle and pigs would often be killed at the start of winter so they would not have to be fed during this time. The early months of winter were tough in many places and often called the “famine months” since little food was to be found. Many cultures observed the Winter Solstice as a renewal or that the year was reborn. For out of the seeming withdrawal of the sun, it would come back just as strong and powerful as before. Thus, the Winter Solstice was seen by many as the start of a new year such as the old Roman Feast of the Unconquered Sun (Sol Invictus) which happened around the 25th of December.

 

For more information:

———. “Winter Solstice – Date, Definition & Traditions | HISTORY.” HISTORY, December 11, 2023. https://www.history.com/topics/natural-disasters-and-environment/winter-solstice.

———. “Winter Solstice | Definition & Diagrams.” Encyclopedia Britannica. Last modified December 21, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/science/winter-solstice.

Donvito, Tina. “15 Fascinating Winter Solstice Traditions Around the World.” Reader’s Digest. Last modified September 20, 2024. https://www.rd.com/list/winter-solstice-traditions/.

 

 

Christmas

Christmas Tradition: Plum Pudding (Christmas Pudding)

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Christmas Pudding being flamed with brandy. Served as last course of Christmas dinner in England.
Image: Kolforn via Wikimedia

If you have ever read A Christmas Carol (or seen many of its filmed adaptations), then you have heard about this traditional Christmas desert. While called today Christmas Pudding, it has been known as Plum Pudding or its earlier incarnation Figgy Pudding. All three are essentially the same though variations do exist. At one time spices and fruits were often exotic and expensive, so this pudding was a way of serving them. Like fruitcake, you baked these weeks before you would actually eat. Traditionally a Christmas Pudding was baked five weeks before Christmas. This allowed the pudding to mature its flavor and would regularly be soaked with brandy. Thus, by Christmas day it would be very flavorful.

The original figgy pudding though was quite different than its counterparts that came later. Back in the 14th century it was a porridge that had boiled figs, water, wine, almonds, honey, and raisins. This is what is referred to in the song “We Wish You A Merry Christmas” when the carolers would gather outside wealthy people’s homes and ask for this pudding (since it contained exotic ingredients). Another incarnation of this later would include meat as well. A further evolution of it turned it into a round cake made with raisins and steamed. The name Plum Pudding is misleading to us today. A very long time ago plum referred to any dried fruit that was used and usually this pudding contained raisins (and no plums). By the Victorian era that name was dropped, and it became the Christmas Pudding. However, the older names still are spoken in different places in the UK (and even here in the US), so those old names are still floating around.

When you prepared it five weeks ahead of Christmas, often whole families would be involved (which is why the term Stir Up Sunday was coined as the day it was made). Often a six pence coin would be added so that whoever got it would get good luck for the year. Then when all done, wrapped up and stored in a cool pantry (often the basement) until it was needed. In olden days (certainly the time in which Mrs. Cratchit was cooking it), it would take up to four hours or longer to steam the pudding. Since suet was used, the longer cooking time was needed to make it soft. Suet was used since it provided both moisture and sweetness, but over time it would be replaced as more fruit and sugar were available. Mrs. Cratchit was living in the time when this change was occurring but considering that they lived modestly, she probably used suet as it might have been easier to obtain rather than more fruits and sugar. By 1845 certainly the change was done as cookbooks show it without suet.

Since the British had colonies all over the world, Christmas pudding would be exported to Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. In the U.S. it was known in the earlier pre-Independence days and was popular later with British and Irish that immigrated here. It would morph ultimately into bread pudding that used stale bread, spices, fruits, suet, raisins, and brandy. Many variations exist today though suet has been dropped in most of them.

Today can purchase ready-made Christmas puddings avoiding having to make it yourself. All you have to do is steam for an hour and it is ready to go. Traditionally you would top the pudding with a sprig of holly representing the crown of thorns Jesus wore. And after you douse it with some alcohol and then light it up, this signifies his passion. Now if you make it yourself, you can steam it for a long time to get it really dark as that makes both very tasty and looks like the pictures of it from long ago. Also topping it some brandy butter makes it even more delicious. While you can purchase them online or in specialty stores, you can easily make it yourself. Check out one recipe here. Making your own brandy butter is very easily and you control how much brandy and sweetness you put into it.

For More Information

Nate Barksdale, “The History of Christmas Pudding,” HISTORY, last modified October 5, 2023, https://www.history.com/news/the-holiday-history-of-christmas-pudding.

Kimberly Killebrew, “Traditional Figgy Pudding (Christmas Pudding),” The Daring Gourmet, last modified March 29, 2024, https://www.daringgourmet.com/christmas-pudding/.

“Christmas Just Isn’t Christmas Without a Traditional British Pudding,” The Spruce Eats, last modified September 16, 2024, https://www.thespruceeats.com/traditional-christmas-pudding-recipe-435070.

WhyChristmas, “The History of Christmas Pudding,” https://www.whychristmas.com/customs/christmas-pudding.

Wikipedia contributors, “Christmas Pudding,” Wikipedia, last modified December 18, 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_pudding.

Shop Amazon for Christmas Pudding.

 

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Christmas

Why A Christmas Carol Is A Perfect Christmas Book

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Marley’s Ghost.
Image from 1843 edition of A Christmas Carol, illustrated by John Leech
Source: British Library via Wikimedia Commons
Public Domain

On 19 Dec 1843 noted writer Charles Dickens novella A Christmas Carol was published by Chapman & Hall. The book came at a time when Christmas was fading but at the same time people were rediscovering Christmas traditions and exploring new ones (such as Christmas cards and Christmas trees). The story relates how Ebenezer Scrooge, a miserly man, who receives the ghost of his dead partner along with Christmas Past, Present, and Yet to Come.  The visitations changed Scrooge into a warmer, forgiving man and the book sold out all its initial copies on Christmas Eve.

The story has become a favorite at Christmas time owing to its theme of transformation. While some academics argue about whether his story was secular or a religious allegory, the story alludes to a higher power at work to help Scrooge reflect on his life and to make changes. Scrooge shows everything wrong about the age-of acquiring money for its own sake and nothing else. He showed no empathy nor compassion for the plights of his fellow men and women wanting only to increase his wealth at the expense of others. One can be lulled into thinking though that Scrooge is just a two-dimensional character at first. As the story progresses, we learn of his early years, his being at school alone, of his lovely sister who brings him home, and the joy of working with old Fezziwig. And then he changes, slowly but steadily into the man we see at the beginning and losing the woman who loved him in the process. And we see as he reflects back upon his past, he starts regretting ill-treating his nephew and his clerk Bob Cratchit.

The story is of redemption, but not done in the modern syrupy way you see now in terribly done holiday movies of today. There are hard truths that Scrooge has to face about himself, and his choice is simple: continue as he is now and face a terrible fate or change to becoming more caring and joyful in his life. We also get to see the joy of Christmas being celebrated both in the Cratchit house and later with his nephew Fred. Despite not having a lot of money, the Cratchit’s have a wonderful holiday together. Christmas is depicted as a time for families, children, and to care about our fellow brothers and sisters. Dickens wanted to relate in his book that poverty was no small thing and that we needed to help those in need rather than ignoring them (especially children).

Christmas, like much of the world in Dickens time, was undergoing a major change. The observance of the Nativity of Christ was important to the faithful. Yet while it was a time of celebration, it was a simpler celebration. The religious part took place in church while food and drink were at home. Some took the partying to excess causing social problems. General George Washington famously crossed the Delaware River on Christmas Day in 1776 knowing that after a day of partying the German soldiers would be unable to fight. The Reformation had wiped out Christmas traditions in many places, and the Puritans had banned its celebration in England and later in the areas they settled in North America. It was not a public holiday in the United States (except in states that made it a holiday) or much of Europe.

The social changes brought by the dramatic shift from agrarian to industrial society made people want to look for a deeper meaning to things. And Christmas was ripe to be revitalized after being so low-key or ignored for a long time, or a time for wild partying. Dicken’s depiction of the day was family, church, mistletoe and holly, charity, and food. After the book came out, more traditions would be created from Christmas carols, St. Nicholas, Christmas cards and trees. And as many people wanted to celebrate the day with family, it became eventually a national holiday in just about every country in Europe, North and South America, and parts of the far east (Russia mostly). And reading A Christmas Carol has become a Christmas tradition as well. Dicken’s was at the cusp of change when it came to Christmas. He wrote great books before and after this one, but many remember him chiefly for the story of redemption of Ebenezer Scrooge.

 Adaptations

There are many adaptations that have been made from plays to movies. Here is a list of those you might want to watch. Almost all the movies change the story in varying ways but try to keep faithful to the overall story.

Scrooge (1913)

One of the early silent movies starring Seymour Hicks. It is one of the few that shows Bob Cratchit sitting by the body of Tiny Tim.

A Christmas Carol (1938)

This version stars Reginald Owen who plays Scrooge well. The story cuts out a lot of the sadder parts of the story and alters the story in other ways (Cratchit is fired early in the movie). Still a good movie to watch for the excellent acting.

Scrooge (1951), re-titled A Christmas Carol

This one starring Alistair Sim is considered by many to be the best. Sim really nails Scrooge, and it is closer to the original in some ways. Shows a bit of his life not covered in the book or other movies to show how became so mean and miserly.

 

A Christmas Carol (1984)

This version stars George C. Scott as Scrooge. This was a made for television unlike the others above. It was filmed on location in the historic town of Shrewsbury in Shropshire, England lending it an authentic look. Scott’s depiction is not as harsh in tone as Alistair Sim’s depiction, but just as ruthless and unbending in his ways. It has a good cast as well with David Warner playing Bob Cratchit. It has become a favorite and seen on Hallmark and AMC channels during Christmas. Scott’s portrayal got him a nomination for an Emmy for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or a Special. The combination of a great supporting cast and Scott’s performance as Scrooge makes this adaptation better than Alistair Sim’s version.

A Christmas Carol (1999)

A version based on Patrick Stewart’s one man play, but with a full supporting cast, it was inspired by the Sim movie and shows a lot of the grimness of the story. Stewart’s depiction of Scrooge is even more harsh than what Sim or Scott did. Solidly acted but one may be put off by the harsh and grim version of this Scrooge.

 

 

The Muppet Christmas Carol (1992)

This musical starring Michael Caine and all the Muppet favorites is funny and amusing at times. It is heartwarming and enjoyable on its own terms. Michael Caine delivers a great performance as Scrooge. It is mainly directed at kids, so they will enjoy it best. Adults may find it tedious at times, but the payoffs are the wonderful musical numbers and how the Muppet characters interact during the story. Especially when the Ghost of Christmas Future  appears. It sends our narrator running for cover until the scene is over.

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